1 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Mubarak D, Badr O.
Page No : 1-17
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THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION: A REVIEW
Abstract
The parabolic trough is the most matured solar thermal power generation technology with most commercial plants in the world utilizing this technology. A thermal storage system is required for the stable and uninterrupted operation of solar thermal plants. In this paper various thermal storage methods applicable to parabolic trough technology were reviewed in order to establish the status of thermal storage in parabolic trough plants and present researches going on to improve performance and cost effectiveness of various thermal storage methods. There are basically three methods of storing thermal energy: chemical, sensible and latent. Chemical storage is at the developmental stage and very ex-pensive. The sensible and latent heat storage methods are the most considered for parabolic trough plants. Three technologies have been researched over the years under the sensible storage methods: Concrete Tube Register (CTR), two-tank system and the single tank thermocline. The two-tank indirect system is currently the state of the art. The challenge with this technology is it is expensive due to high storage material requirement, the use of two tanks and has high parasitics. The use of single tank thermocline system offers lower cost and reduced storage material inventory. This technology has been demonstrated on small scale. The main challenge of the single tank thermocline system is thermal ratcheting. The use of Latent heat storage system offers smaller storage volume and higher efficiency. The low thermal conductivity of potential PCMs and the lack of PCMs to cover the operating temperature range have hindered the capability of producing a more cost-effective system than the two-tank system.
2 |
Author(s):
Adamu, A. A., Aliyu, A. B., Isaac, N. T., Babajo, S. A..
Page No : 18-36
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Analysis of the Contribution of Commercial Vehicles to The Emission of Greenhouse Gases in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Abstract
This work investigated and analysed the contribution of commercial vehicles to the emission of GHGs in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria so as to understand the pattern of emission and provide policy makers and other stakeholders a clear picture of the situation at hand and provide them with suggestions on how to clamp down on the emission from commercial vehicles in the state capital. In doing this, data on the five main types of commercial vehicles in Makurdi (i.e. buses, motorcycles, saloons, tricycles and trucks) on the distances and routes travelled and amount of fuel consumed were collected using questionnaires. North bank, Warefare Quarters, Modern Market, Air force Base and Wadata were the routes considered using Wurukum as the starting point. Using two methods of analysis (based on fuel consumed and that based on travel distance), it was found that commercial vehicles emitted 7,385.06tCO2e and 6,328.713tCO2e respectively. It was also found that buses emitted the highest quantity of GHGs while tricycles were responsible for the least; 40% of all emissions were recorded from activities on Air Force Base route while North bank and Warefare Quarters recorded approximately 14% each; Modern Market route recorded about 21% of the emission while Wadata route recorded the least amount of emission with about 11% of the total emission. The study established that that the emissions were high compared to standard emission values as the per passenger emission from all types of commercial vehicles (with the exception of tricycles) were found to be above the World Bank’s data of per capita emission for the country. This means more needs to be done to reduce the emission to at least the average value obtainable in the country.
3 |
Author(s):
S. Garba, B.H. Sani, M.B. Mu'azu.
Page No : 37-50
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Performance Evaluation of Ahmadu Bello University IP-Based Network using OSPF and MPLS in a GNS3 Environment
Abstract
The ABU IP-Based Campus Network has grown to a complex level requiring solutions that will provide more efficiency for centralized services and policies, while preserving the availability, manageability, and scalability benefits of its Campus design. Therefore, this paper presents a performance evaluation of ABU IP-based Campus Network that conventionally utilizes the OSPF protocol and also, its comparison with the MPLS protocol. The ABU Campus Network was modeled using Graphical Network Simulator (GNS3) to emulate and identify its performance and challenges. To mitigate these challenges, another scenario using MPLS-enabled was re-modeled on the same GNS3 for comparison to cater for the ever increasing demand of the Campus Network. The results obtained show that the MPLS Campus Network design is a more suitable design over the OSPF Network design, currently implemented at ABU, as it provides a more scalable and performance improvement in addressing the over-arching challenges of delays (End-to-end and queuing), jitter, throughput and server load on the Network. This has further shown that the MPLS design has the capability to accommodate more network services and devices, as well as end-users when compared to OSPF design.
4 |
Author(s):
Babajo S. A, Enaburekhan, J. S .
Page No : 51-58
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EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF JATROPHA BIODIESEL – KEROSENE BLENDS USED AS FUEL IN A PRESSURIZED COOKING STOVE
Abstract
The combustion of kerosene in cooking stoves increases the risk of certain life-threatening health conditions such as cancer; respiratory infections like asthma, tuberculosis (TB) and sight defects like cataract when used indoors. The emission characteristics of jatropha biodiesel- kerosene blends were investigated to ascertain their potential as substitute for kerosene in a pressurized kerosene cooking stove. The assessments were done by comparing some of the emission characteristics of the blends of jatropha biodiesel with kerosene. The blends were categorized as B100 (100% biodiesel), BK20 (20% jatropha biodiesel and 80% kerosene), BK15 (15% jatropha biodiesel and 85% kerosene), BK10 (10% jatropha biodiesel and 90% kerosene), BK05 (5% jatropha biodiesel and 95% kerosene) and BK0 (pure kerosene). The emissions were determined using gas analyzer (NHA-506EN model). The emissions determined were CO, CO2, SO2, NOx and HC at various vessel pressures of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1bar for all the fuel blends. The emission results revealed that BK20 blend at 0.6 bar has the least emission of harmful gases of CO=0.02%, CO2=2.09%, SO2=0.41%, NOx=5.0ppm and HC =31ppm blend. It is recommended to use BK20 fuel blend as an alternative fuel for kerosene in the pressurized kerosene cooking stove.
5 |
Author(s):
Dr. Chukwuemeka Chijioke AWAH, Prof. Ogbonnaya Inya OKORO.
Page No : 59-66
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COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE AND DOUBLE STATOR SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
Abstract
Comparative study of loss and inductance features of different permanent magnet synchronous machine topologies are presented in this paper. Moreover, the efficiency characteristics of the compared machines are also given. The results show that the machine having twelve stator poles and eleven rotor poles i.e. PS-SFPM 12/11 has very large amount of total core loss, which would eventually reduce the overall efficiency of the machine. Moreover, it has the largest value of mutual inductance which is an undesirable quality for fault-tolerant applications. It is also observed that, the machine type having E-core stator structures exhibit the lowest amount of permanent magnet eddy current losses and total core losses. Essentially, the investigated machine having single-stator configurations have higher self-inductance and lower mutual-inductance values, relative to the other compared machines.
Keywords: Double-stator; inductance; loss; machines; and single-stator.
6 |
Author(s):
Haruna Musa.
Page No : 67-80
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A MODIFIED PSO ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL DG SIZING BASED ON VOLTAGE STABILITY AND POWER LOSS REDUCTION INDICATORS.
Abstract
This paper optimally sizes and places DGs appropriately based on voltage stability indicators as well as power loss reduction indicator. The DG operating modes were also considered for power quality improvement. Since the problem involves optimization of these indicators, a new hybrid optimization method that integrates two well established techniques is proposed. The proposed technique modifies conventional PSO using Evolutionary Programming concept to improve the search process for better optimization results. The Modified PSO algorithm achieves better results when tested on IEEE 33- bus distribution systems. The results obtained shows that as load increases, the voltage stability indicator gives the best optimal DG size and minimum power losses for all the DG operating modes.
7 |
Author(s):
Dahiru Sani Shuaibu, Shuaibu Alhassan Usman.
Page No : 81-91
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Development of an Improved Modified Largest Weight Delay First Algorithm for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network.
Abstract
Abstract-- Long term evolution (LTE) is one of the fastest growing technologies which support different type of applications . One of the key radio resources management mechanisms in the LTE network is the radio scheduler, which coordinate the access to radio resources, the decision of scheduling scheme play a major role in end to end LTE network performance and user Quality of service (QoS). Many resource scheduling scheme have been proposed and implemented in time past, among which is the modified largest weight delay first (MLWDF) algorithm which is suitable for real time and non-real time applications, this algorithm have been found not to support application sufficiently at overload network condition this is because it consider only head of line packet delay (HOL) as QoS parameter in making scheduling decisions which is not sufficient enough to improve overload network performance. This research evaluate some of the well-known algorithm in literature and make an improvement on the MLWDF by first adopting the mathematical model of MLWDF algorithm and then make an improvement on the adopted model by incorporating a scheduling priority ratio which is the ratio of (HOL) and delay deadline together with natural exponential term which help to grow the metrics for the users as their delay tolerance is approaching threshold thereby preventing packet loss and increase throughput in overload network condition. The proposed algorithm was simulated using LTE-Sim simulator and compared with other schedulers such as Flow bandwidth MLWDF for LTE downlink transmission (I-MLWDF), Improved MLWDF scheduler for LTE downlink transmission (Mod_MLWDF) and MLWDF using packet loss ratio, packet delay, throughput, fairness index and cell-spectral efficiency as performance metrics. The result shows that the proposed algorithm improved the video flow throughput at user index 30 by 38.33%, 59.35% and 60.45% and at user index 50 by 47.93%, 77.16% and 77.36% for VoIP flow it improve the throughput at user index 50 by 1.69% and 1.49%, for non-real time flow i.e, IMS signaling the proposed algorithm shows poor performance at user index 10, 30 and 50 by 66.91% ,88.19% and 90.71% respectively.
8 |
Author(s):
A .D Usman, H. I. Yarima, Agbon E.Ezekial.
Page No : 92-100
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MODIFIED SELECTIVE MAPPING TECHNIQUE FOR PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER REDUCTION OF ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTILPEXING COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Abstract
High Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) also known as Power Envelope Variation (PEV) is the main setback of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, which affects the power efficiency of the radio frequency amplifier, distorts transmitted data, and increase bit error rate etc. Many techniques for mitigating this impairment were proposed such as Selective Mapping Technique (SLM) which was considered as one of the effective technique for reducing the high PEV. However, the Performance of the SLM technique in reducing PEV is largely affected by the design and magnitude of the Phase Rotation Vectors (PRVs) used to generate the signals used in the SLM technique. To deal with these effects, three different normalization pro-cedures in conjunction with Hilbert matrix were deployed to scale down the magnitude of PRVs in order to modify the PEV mitigation processes. The simulation results demonstrated that the modified SLM technique using normalized Hilbert matrix accomplished PAPR reduction as compared to SLM using Hilbert matrix without normalization with 36.0%, 14.0%, and 14.0% as percentage improvement for Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues, Euclidean and determinant of matrix normalization schemes.
9 |
Author(s):
Ibrahim, U.A, Muhammad, I.S, Alkali A. N.
Page No : 101-108
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Hydraulic Conductivity of Bagasse Ash Treated Black Cotton Soil as Waste Containment Facility
Abstract
Black cotton soil collected from a borrow pit in Billiri Local Government Area, Gombe State, in Northern Nigeria, was treated with up to 12% Bagasse Ash (BA) in stepped increment of 4% by mass of soil to explore its potential for use in waste containment facilities. The characterization of BA treated soil was investigated through index tests while permeability tests were used to observe the rate of flow through the soil matrix. Results showed a decrease in liquid limit from 83.0 to 65.8%, an increase in plastic limit from 28.2 to 33.1% and a decrease in plasticity index from 54.8 to 32.7% with increasing BA content for up to 12%. Compaction characteristics revealed increase in Maximum Dry Density (MDD) from 2.28 – 2.58Mg/m3 and decrease in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) from 60.8 – 54.8% with increased BA content using West African Standard compactive effort. The permeability tests results at different molding water contents satisfied the regulatory limit of 1×10-9m/s set by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D – 5084)
10 |
Author(s):
Musa Y.P., Ajayi E. S, B. A. Alabadan.
Page No : 109-122
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Effect of Different Mud Brick Moulds and Mortar on Durability of Plaster Materials of Buildings
Abstract
This study evaluates two different plastering materials for mud buildings. The mud was first mixed with water and treaded upon. Straw was added as stabilizers to the mud paste. A little amount of straw spread on the surface of the mixture was remixed and left for a period of one week in which the mixture was remixed at interval of three days. The moisture content of the mud paste samples were determined using oven drying method with oven temperature at 105oC. Mud bricks were produced from two types of moulds made from wood and steel with 450 x 225 x 225 mm dimensions. Compression strength test using the hydraulic compression test machine were also performed on the two samples of bricks from each batch and each type of mould used. Eight different walls produced from the bricks were coated with two types of rendering materials. The first four walls have mud mortar with plaster varied with mud and sandcrete for wood and steel moulded bricks respectively. The last four have sandcrete mortar, with variation in the brick type and plaster. The walls were observed for changes due to environmental or weather conditions to note the extent of degradation and also tearing which could be on both sides of the walls. Cracks on the walls were measured by the use of thread while the wall strengths test was done by the use of rebound hammer method. The results show that walls constructed with steel moulded bricks, bounded with mud mortar and plastered with sandcrete gives the highest strength, while that constructed with wooden mould bounded with sandcrete mortar and plastered with sandcrete gives the least strength. Also, the walls constructed with steel moulded bricks, bounded with mud mortar and plastered with sandcrete gives the least amounts of cracks, while that constructed with wooden moulded bricks, bounded with sandcrete mortar and plastered with sandcrete gives the highest amount of cracks.
11 |
Author(s):
Muhammad Bashir Abdulrazaq, Aminu Jafar Abdul, Yusuf Abdul-Razaq.
Page No : 123-127
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1-Opt Optimisation for Freely Open-loop Travelling Salesman Problem
Abstract
Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) requires determination of shortest route that connects all given cities(nodes) by passing through each city only once and returning to the original city at the end of the tour. To deterministically determine such minimal path, it is proved that it takes at least exponential time complexity to achieve. Other variants of the TSP problem are also discussed in literature. One such variant is the Open-loop TSP (OTSP). OTSP requires shortest path that passes through each city only once without the need to return to the starting point. In OTSP scenario a starting city is normally given and sometimes the final city. In this paper we treat a variant of the OTSP called Freely Open-loop TSP (FOTSP) where the tour can start from any city and end at any city provided all cities are visited only once and no need to return to the origin. Some characteristics of optimal FOTSP route are presented and an optimisation procedure for the FOTSP which looks for 1 edge to be removed and be replaced by another edge (1-Opt) to get shorter path is introduced to be used on the problem.
12 |
Author(s):
A.B. ALIYU, A. G. Alhassan.
Page No : 128-137
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CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCED FROM COTTONSEED OIL USING DIFFERENT CATALYSTS
Abstract
Biodiesel is being regarded as a realistic alternative to the conventional diesel fuel due to its renewability and environmental friendly attributes. Development of biodiesel from cottonseed oil could boost economic growth and its renewable nature could lead to sustainable energy development This paper presents a research carried out on the characterization of biodiesel produced from cottonseed oil using three different catalysts in order to determine the yield of biodiesel obtained using each of the catalysts and the reasons for the differences/variations in the properties of the biodiesel produced. The cottonseed oil biodiesel was produced via transesterification with methanol and catalyst. The reaction conditions employed were; methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst concentration of 1 wt. %, reaction temperature of 65oC and 1hour reaction time. The catalysts used were; NaOH (as homogeneous catalyst), CaO (as heterogeneous catalyst), and Nano-CaO (as heterogeneous nano catalyst) with each of the catalysts used to produce single biodiesel sample. The Nano‐CaO catalyst was prepared by calcination of ball‐milled chicken eggshell waste and it was characterized using SEM and XRD. The crystalline size of the Nano‐CaO catalyst was found to be about 30nm. The biodiesel samples produced were denoted according to the type of the catalyst used for its transesterification, i.e. B-NaOH, B-CaO and B-Nano-CaO, for NaOH, CaO, and Nano-CaO catalysts, respectively. The samples were characterized to determine their physico-chemical properties. The characterization results showed that Nano-CaO catalyst gave the highest biodiesel yield (99%) followed by CaO (96.5%) and NaOH (94%) after transesterification reaction of the esterified cottonseed oil with methanol. The results further showed that the properties of the B-CaO, and B-Nano-CaO biodiesel samples were similar (with negligible variation) and they differ from that of B-NaOH with reasonable margin. It was suggested that the differences were as a result of the purification steps undergone by B-NaOH biodiesel sample which was not done in the case of B-CaO, and B-Nano-CaO biodiesel samples.
13 |
Author(s):
Mustapha Suleiman, Engr. Mustapha Suleiman, Dr. Kabir Ahmed, Dr. Aliyu D. Usman.
Page No : 138-149
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OUTDOOR PATH LOSS PROPAGATION MODEL OPTIMIZATION BASED ON MEASURED DATA FOR 3G MOBILE NETWORK DEPLOYMENT IN ZARIA KADUNA-NIGERIA
Abstract
Mobile networks in Nigeria have been bedeviled by customer dissatisfaction as a result of poor coverage which brings about frequent call drops, call lost, poor Quality of Service (QoS), poor interconnectivity, echoes, and general network congestion. In order to overcome these deformities and ensure quality delivery of service, a sound network design is of paramount importance. This paper present how Egli model is chosen and optimized for path loss prediction in suburban area of Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria. Path losses were empirically collected from Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) base station (BS) for MTN mobile operator in the study area. Egli, ECC-33 and ITU-Vegetation models were used in the comparison with the practical measured data obtained from the BS. The comparative analysis revealed that Egli model had least Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Chi-square error of 4.47 and 2.69 respectively. Hence, it was chosen as the reference model for optimization. The results showed that the optimized Egli model had a RMSE, Chi-square error and standard deviation of 1.57, 0.01, and 1.68, respectively. Thus, the developed (optimized Egli) model is the most accurate and reliable path loss prediction model for 3G networks deployment in Zaria, Kaduna-Nigeria.
14 |
Author(s):
LAWAN, I., ALI, M.A., ABUBAKAR, M.S., NALADO, D.D., ATTANDA, M.L., SHITTU, S.K..
Page No : 150-168
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED GROUNDNUT OIL EXTRACTION MACHINE
Abstract
The quest for a drudge-free and sustainable technology that will be acceptable by the small and medium scale groundnut oil processors motivated the current study. An existing groundnut roasting, de-skinning, winnowing and kneading machines were modified by re-designing the various components involved and a suitable milling machine was also extensively designed and constructed. Detail drawing of the modified existing machines and developed milling machine were carried out using pro E engineering drawing software before constructing the machines. The constructed unit machines were assembled to form an integrated machine and the performance of the machine reported by previous studies reveals reduced drudgery involved in the groundnut extraction process. More so, the entire cost incurred in the construction of the machine (N173, 543.50), the extraction efficiency and yield recorded reveals that the developed machine has suggested a sustainable technology for the small and medium scale groundnut oil processors.
15 |
Author(s):
Aliyu Idris Muhammad, Moshood Isiaka.
Page No : 169-182
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MODIFICATION OF LOCALLY DEVELOPED GROUNDNUT SHELLER
Abstract
A locally constructed groundnut sheller (Dan yamel) was modified. The modified sheller consist of shelling unit which comprised of a hopper with feed control and shelling chamber made of a rasp bar, a cleaning unit, and a prime mover. The sheller operates on a single belt drive system. The performance test of the modified sheller was carried out using Ex-Dakar groundnut variety with a moisture content of 8%. A feed rate of 300 kg/hr and shelling speed of 180 rpm were used during the test. The performance indices obtained were significantly improved after the modification except for the output capacity which was slightly increased. The modified sheller has an output capacity, shelling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, mechanical damage, and scatter loss of 239.81 kg/hr, 98.32%, 50.63%, 4.33 %, and 3.24%, respectively as against 233.18 kg/hr, 86.19%, 8.11%, and 9.52%, respectively recorded with the old sheller.
16 |
Author(s):
Idris Ahmed Ja'e, Tasiu Ashiru Sulaiman, Ishaq Abdulkadir, Aliyu Aliyu Abdurrahaman.
Page No : 183-193
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WORKABILITY RETENTION POTENTIALS OF CLASS C AND F POZZOLANS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CEMENT PROPERTIES
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study examines the potentials of some Class C and F Pozzolans in workability retention of concrete and their effect on cement properties. Percentage replacement of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were adopted in the study. Class F Pozzolans considered are; Cassava Peel Ash (CPA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Saw Dust Ash (SDA) while Class C Pozzolans considered are Periwinkle Shell Ash (PSA), Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA), and Locust Bean Pod Ash (LBPA). A total of Fourteen (14) concrete mixes were prepared, 2 mixes for each Pozzolan, including control sample. Changes in properties of the binder are investigated by conducting consistency, setting time, and soundness test on cement samples. Results of physical properties of binder obtained conformed to BS EN 197-1, 2001. Slump losses up to 45mm in 40 minutes for RHA and PSA at 5% replacement, while for higher percentage replacement more slump lost were recorded. Up to 50 mm slump loss in 40 minutes was recorded for 5% and 10% replacement. Soundness for all Pozzolans at all replacement was found to be within the acceptable limit of 10 mm. These findings revealed the potential of Pozzolanic material in slump controlled concreting, which can be utilised in Slip form paving concrete with little or no admixture.
17 |
Author(s):
Taku, Kumator Josiphiah, Amartey, Sada Bilkisu, Gondo, George Aondover.
Page No : 194-199
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Nanomechanical properties of Coconut Shell Ash Blended Cement Mortar
Abstract
This paper uses Grid indentation technique to investigate the effect of the addition of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) on the nanomechanical properties of the main phases of the hydrated cement paste. OPC was partially replaced with 15% CSA at a water-binder ratio of 0.5 and cubes casted and cured for 28 days after which they were polished to reduce surface roughness to the barest minimum. The result of nanoindentation shows that addition of 15% CSA to cement paste transforms portlandite to C-S-H by the pozzolanic reaction. More so, there is reduced porosity and a reduction in the volume of CH by the addition of the CSA. Even though the addition of 15% CSA does not drastically change the average values of the hardness and elastic modulus of the two phases of the C-S-H, it greatly modifies their relative proportions, leading to the production of more HD C-S-H. Overall, incorporating 15%CSA to cement mortar improves the Nanomechanical properties of the four main phases of the hydrated cement paste
18 |
Author(s):
Abdulbasid Ismail Isa , Mukhtar F. Hamza, Mustapha Muhammad.
Page No : 200-208
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Hybrid Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum System
Abstract
Complexity and nonlinear behaviours of inverted pendulum system make its control design a very challenging task. In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy adaptive control system using model reference approach is designed for inverted-pendulum system control. The proposed method is developed to achieve position control and later simultaneous control of position and pendulum angle in the same control loop. Also, the control algorithm is applied to achieve control objective of reference tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness to parameter variation. The performance of the proposed control scheme was compared with conventional PID and LQR controllers. The simulation results showed that the proposed control scheme provides high-performance dynamic characteristics and is robust with regard to parametric variations, disturbance and reference tracking compared to the comparatives.
19 |
Author(s):
Zakari, M. D, I. Audu, H.E. Igbadun, N.M. Nasidi, N.J. Shanono, A. Ibrahim.
Page No : 209-225
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EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND MULCH PRACTICES ON YIELD AND YIELD RESPONSE FACTOR OF TOMATO AT KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT (KRIP), KANO-NIGERIA
Abstract
In this research, the effects of deficit irrigation and mulching practices in relation to crop yield and yield response factor (Ky) of tomato (UC 82B variety) examined at Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP), Kadawa Kano. The experiments comprised of four levels of water application depths (40, 60, 80, and 100% of weekly reference evapotranspiration) and four levels of mulching; No-Mulch (NM), rice-straw-mulch (RSM), wood-shaving-mulch (WSM) and white-polyethylene-mulch (WPM). The total mean yields ranged from 6.98 to 23.67 t/ha with an annual averages of 11.48, 18.48, 11.98 and13.33 t/ha for NM, RSM, WSM and WPM treatments respectively. It was observed that both RSM and WPM treatments has low Ky values of 0.57 and -0.13 respectively except WSM (1.1) as compared with NM treatment of Ky value of 0.85; this implies that the proportional decrease in yield under the NM condition was much higher than under RSM and WPM condition. The statistical analysis shows that the effect of various levels of irrigation and mulching practices on yield were found to be highly significant (**) at 5% level of significance with high mean value of 15.84t/ha and 18.48t/ha obtained at I80 and RSM respectively. This means that both deficit irrigation and mulching practices has significant effect on the yield of tomato in the study area. However, it was statistically concluded that the best level of irrigating tomato at the experimental site is at I80 (15.84 t/ha) and this correspond to mulching practice of RSM (18.48t/ha) and therefore, tomato producers should adopt water application at I80 and use of RSM as a way of suitable deficit irrigation and water conservation respectively.