| 1 |
Author(s):
Obi, Patrick I., Amako, Ejike A., Ezeonye, Chinonso S..
Page No : 1-8
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INVESTIGATING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONA EFFECT ON AC TRANSMISSION LINE WITH VARIATION OF LINE PARAMETERS
Abstract
This paper presents the study of characteristics of corona effect on AC high voltage transmission line with variation of parameters associated with the transmission line. This objective was achieved with the aid of MATLAB m-file function software as it has become the widely used and acceptable application for electrical analysis. The line specifications are 220 kV line-to-line, 50 Hz, 1.2 cm conductor radius, 200 cm distance between conductors, and 0.85 conductor surface condition factor. The responses of the simulation on the effect of corona on transmission line show that as line width from the point of electric field intensity is decreased towards the conductor radius, the potential gradient increases, and at point when it is decreased to conductor radius, potential gradient attained its maximum value. Also when the line width is increased towards the value of conductors distance, the potential gradient tends to infinity. When conductor surface condition factor is increased, the critical disruptive voltage increases while the power loss decreases. On the other hand, increase in frequency increases power loss and the variation of line voltage from minimum to maximum value increases the potential gradient and subsequent decrease in corona power loss. However, as the decrement in corona power loss gets to the point of 180 kV line-to-line critical disruptive voltage, the power loss started increasing thereafter. The results obtained from this work in relation to other literatures show that in designing transmission line, these effects need to be considered for the lines to properly manage corona effect during discharges.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Ibrahim A U, Sule M, Muhammad S, Umar A H.
Page No : 9-19
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COIL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FOR AN INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER: A REVIEW
Abstract
Coil magnetic design is an important aspect of evaluating the performance of an Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system. This work presents a review on some selected papers that explored techniques of increasing magnetic coupling coefficient ‘k’ and inductor quality factor ‘Q’ of an IPT coil. These two critical parameters ‘kQ’ dictate the maximum efficiency, and can independently or collectively be optimized to achieve higher efficiency of the system. This paper provides a motivation for the need of alternative solutions to degrade extended magnetic flux in IPT system. The paper presents state-of –the-art of ‘kQ’ improvement methods. It also identifies a trend for coil optimization to provide an insightful review which may motivate future contribution and exposes new possibilities.
Keywords: Coil quality factor; coupling coefficient; inductive power transfer; optimization, magnetic stray field
| 3 |
Author(s):
Awah, Chukwuemeka Chijioke.
Page No : 20-25
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DUAL-STATOR FLUX-SWITCHING PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINE WITH UNEQUAL NUMBER OF STATOR TEETH
Abstract
A new type of dual-stator permanent magnet (DS-PM) machine is proposed in this paper. The investigated parameters include: No-load torque, induced-electromotive force, flux linkage, torque and power characteristics. Finite element analysis using ANSYS-MAXWELL software is used to predict the results. The investigated machine would be less expensive to manufacture compared to its equivalent machine with equal number of stator teeth on both stators. The results also reveal that the developed machine has good electromotive force waveforms for better electric machine control. The proposed permanent magnet (PM) machine exhibits wide operating speed range and would be suitable for direct drive traction applications. The investigated machine could be used as a dual-three phase machine by operating the inner and outer stators with its windings independently.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Engr. Dr. Hassan Usman, Engr. Mohammed Ashiru, Engr. Saleh Babayo, Engr. Bello Ibrahim.
Page No : 26-36
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OPTIMUM DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PILE FOUNDATION USING GENERALIZED REDUCED GRADIENT METHOD
Abstract
The aim of this study is to optimize the cost of RC pile foundation subjected to axial load using the The Generalised Reduced Gradient (GRG) optimization techniques which was embedded in MS Excel Solver Add-In tool. This optimization technique enables the designer to select the best and most economical design which meets the requirements as specified by the Eurocode 2 and 7. A computer model of the problem with the objective function subjected to its constraints was formulated in an MS Excel Spreadsheet. The model which includes automated and conventional design method was used to optimize the pile at several intensities of loading. The results obtained showed a cost that is averagely 30% optimum. The results demonstrated the simplicity and efficiency of the MS Excel Solver add-In tool with its embedded GRG function. The model developed can allow engineers to design and obtain optimum value of a RC pile within a very short time, thus reduces effort and saves time.
| 5 |
Author(s):
John Smith Abutu Simon , Dr Ogork E. N., Dr Aboshio Aaron, Jama'a M. G., Prof. Bala Muhammad .
Page No : 37-43
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EFFECT OF DATE PALM SEED ASH AS A SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL IN CONCRETE
Abstract
This paper presents finding from a research work conducted on how to improve the mechanical properties of concrete using Date Palm Seed Ash (DPSA) in partial replacement of cement. The DPSA used was obtained by controlled burning of date palm seed in a kiln at a maximum temperature of 630oc for eight hours and was air cooled afterwards. The ash obtained was sieved through 75um sieve and its oxide composition analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) procedures. DoE method of mix design was used to produce concrete ingredients for grade 30N/mm2 giving a water-cement ratio of 0.53. The effect of partial replacement of cement with DPSA on cement paste and concrete using 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15% and 20% DPSA was investigated through consistency and setting times tests, workability test, density test, compressive strength test (at 7, 21, 28 and 56 days curing duration), pozzolanic activity index and water absorption test. Results show that DPSA has high silicon dioxide (45.50%), aluminum oxide (20.75%) and Iron oxide (7.25%). Further findings indicate that the consistency and setting times of cement-DPSA paste increased with increase in the replacement of cement with DPSA. Whereas the workability of DPSA concrete decreased with increase in cement replacement, the density increased with increase in cement replacement. Compressive strength test results show that cement can be replaced with DPSA up to 10% as the compressive strength at 10% replacement is 31.5N/mm2 as against the 31N/mm2 of the normal concrete, at 56 days. The pozzolanic activity index result also show that DPSA concrete meets up the minimum requirement of 75% specified by ASTM C618. Also, the water absorption capacity of DPSA concrete at the highest replacement (20%) is 11% less than that at 0%.
| 6 |
Author(s):
R. S. Mukhtar, S. K. Shittu, A. H. Ajeigbe.
Page No : 44-50
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A LOCALLY FABRICATED HAMMER MILL ACQUIRED BY ICRISAT, KANO – NIGERIA.
Abstract
A hammer mill is a machine used to crush materials into smaller pieces by the repeated blows of hammers. Hammer mills are often employed in agricultural industries for size reduction such as in feed mills and flour mills for both livestock and human food production. There are substantial numbers of hammer mills fabricated locally to aid food production in Nigeria. Some of the problems associated with locally fabricated hammer mills are lack of adequate data such as the machine throughput capacity, milling efficiencies and quality of milled flour. International Institute for Crops Research in Semi-Arid Tropic (ICRISAT) Kano a government agency that has the mandate of crop improvement research, acquired some locally fabricated hammer milling machines to be promoted among small and medium scale farmers, but detailed performance data of the machines are not available. The present research is a collaboration between ICRISAT and the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Bayero University, Kano. The research is aimed at addressing the problems of lack of performance parameters by evaluating the performance of ICRISAT hammer mills I to attain better utilization of the machine. The machine was evaluated using sorghum, millet and soybeans with a factorial design in a completely randomized design, (CRD). The performance indices were milling efficiency, machine capacity, milling losses, fineness modulus, and the average size of grain. The independent variables considered were the cylinder speeds at three levels, 800 rpm, 900 rpm and 1000 rpm and the feed rates at two levels 2.5 and 5kg min-1 for all the crops. Sorghum has the highest value of milling efficiency, machine throughput capacity, average grain size and fineness modulus this is followed by millet and then soybeans. Soybeans crop milling has higher values of losses followed by millet and then sorghum. For Sorghum, the mean values for machine efficiency, machine capacity, losses, fineness modulus, and the average size of grain ranged from 76.63 – 92.36%, 45.13 – 69.11kg/hr, 7.64 – 23.37 %, 3.05 – 4.87 and 0.034 – 0.12 inch respectively. The results show that the feed rate and speed are significant at 1% level on machine milling efficiency, machine throughput capacity, losses, fineness modulus, coarse and fine particles and average grain size. The least significant difference shows that as the speed increased, the values of machine milling capacity and milling losses increased but values of milling efficiency, fineness modulus and average grain size for all the crops decreased. But as the feed rate increases, milling efficiency decreases while machine milling capacity, milling losses, fineness modulus and average grain size increase with the increase in feed rate.
| 7 |
Author(s):
JAMILU SAMINU.
Page No : 55-59
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3D SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION OF HUMAN BODY PARTS BASED ON 2D COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS
Abstract
This study explores the technique that obtains the 3D contour of a human form using reverse engineering method on a dummy (or) mannequin. The purpose of reverse engineering is to create a CAD model based on a physic of existing objects. The mannequin is scanned using a CT scan machine. The point clouds captured by CT scan machine is used to reconstruct the 3D model of the human body. The scanned data is taken as an input to Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) software which creates slice by slice model from CT scan data. The structural model of the body can be utilized for varied purposes like: Pattern making for moulds, checking the fitness (sizes) of the produced garments, determine the volume of the sculpture objects, estimation of human body surface area, and exhibiting (show case) the garment.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Ibrahim Abdullahi Rafukka, David Bako.
Page No : 60-64
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An Investigation into Ergonomics of Tricycle Seat
Abstract
This work is aimed at studying the ergonomic of tricycle seats used in Nigeria with a view of determining the conformity of the seats with standards and also investigating whether the seats fits the anthropometry of the Kano people. The anthropometric data of users was collected for the three dimensions namely foot to porpietal height, knee to buttock length and seating height. Statistical analysis using SPSS was carried out to obtain the mean dimension. These dimensions were compared with the seat height, seat depth and seat length. It was fond that there was significant difference of 20% between the anthropometric data and the seat dimensions. Seat dimensions were adjusted to fit the standard and the anthropometry of Kano people. This work will help designers of commercial motor tricycles seats take proper considerations of ergonomic principles and the anthropometric data of individuals in Kano city in order to reduce discomfort, improve safety and eliminate fatigue of the drivers and passengers.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Zulfiqar Ibrahim Bibi Farouk.
Page No : 65-70
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PD FAST FRACTIONAL TERMINAL SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR TRAJECTORY TRACKING
Abstract
This study describes a noble design of a sliding mode controller for a fast fractional terminal sliding mode to handle the speed and position of a 2-Dof robot. The sliding surfaces utilized in the study used a PD controller in a commonly used TSMC to identify discrepancies that were highly influenced by the Coriolis effect. The new control law benefits from the simplicity and ease of construction of PD control as well as the resilience of TSMC to model uncertainty and parameter variation.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Zulfiqar Ibrahim Bibi Farouk.
Page No : 71-79
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STEREOTACTIC NEUROSURGERY ROBOT AN OVERVIEW
Abstract
The brain is a sensitive and complex organ in the human body that must be handled with great care. Brain morbidi-ties are unavoidable. This article examined the historical context and provided an insight literature overview on ste-reotactic neurosurgery robots. The existing neurosurgical robot that has FDA clearance have exorbitant cost. A handful of robots are promising but yet to be in clinical use, which, if brought to the healthcare system, may provide utmost care and reduce neurosurgical mortality.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Musa Alhaji Ibrahim, Mukhtar Nuhu Yahya , Yusuf Şahin.
Page No : 80-93
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PREDICTING THE MASS LOSS OF POLYTETRAFLOUROETHYLENE-FILLED COMPOSITES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
Abstract
Mass loss of composite materials plays a key role in most of the industries. The physical experimentation of quantifying the wear is costly and time-consuming. It is therefore important to put forward predictive techniques which can predict and evaluate the mass loss of composite materials. In the current time, artificial intelligence-based techniques like multi-layered perceptron (MLP), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are mostly recognized as tools of prediction. In this study, prediction of mass loss of polytetraflouroethylene filled with glass, carbon and bronze fibres was examined. The prediction results showed that MLP and ANFIS techniques outperformed MLR technique by 45.36% and 45.80%, respectively. ANFIS and MLP techniques exhibited good agreement between the predicted and the observed values of the PTEE-filled composites mass loss. The AI techniques proved to be robust tools in predicting the mass loss of the PTFE-filled composites.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Fatima Abdullahi Muhammad.
Page No : 94-100
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MAGNETIC INDUCTION TOMOGRAPHY OF CARBON FIBRE DAMAGE USING TWO PLANAR INDUCTIVE SENSOR ARRAYS
Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of a Magnetic Induction tomography double plane sensor array. Designed damaged and damage free carbon fibre reinforced plastic samples were presented for damage imaging. The operational frequency and the Signal to Noise (SNR) for the sensor were investigated. A concise theory and the problem of Magnetic Induction tomography was presented and the solution implemented for the detection and Imaging of a hidden damage in carbon fibre reinforced plastic slab.
| 13 |
Author(s):
H. I. Abdullahi, M. S. Abubakar, O. A. Salihu.
Page No : 101-108
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PREDICTING HEADER LOSS AND TOTAL GRAIN LOSS OF A MINI COMBINE HARVESTER (JD12GD) USING REGRESSION MODEL
Abstract
Harvest losses in combine harvester and any other harvesting machine pose great problem in the agricultural production, and any machinery developed for harvesting must have objective of reducing the harvest losses to the minimum value. A multiple linear regression models for predicting header loss and total grain loss were developed for Atilla and Norman-Borloug wheat variety with respect to moisture content and forward speed. The values of the coefficient of determination R2 for header loss and total grain loss were 0.943 and 0.8184 respectively for Atilla wheat variety and 0.915 and 0.7977 respectively were obtained for Norman-Borloug wheat variety. This indicates a strong agreement between the predicted values of (header loss and total grain loss) and the observed values.
